Adolescent and Young Adult Health Risks and Solutions
In 2021, over 1.5 million individuals aged 10-24 died. Leading causes include injuries, violence, self-harm, and pregnancy-related issues. Half of all mental disorders begin by age 18.
The World Health Organization (WHO) highlights significant health challenges facing adolescents and young adults aged 10-24. In 2021, more than 1.5 million young people in this age group died, averaging nearly 4,500 deaths daily. Leading causes of death vary by age but commonly include injuries such as traffic accidents and drownings, violence, self-harm, and pregnancy-related complications.
Geographical disparities are stark. In sub-Saharan Africa, a 10-year-old child was six times more likely to die before age 24 in 2021 compared to those in North America and Europe. While infectious diseases are a primary cause of mortality in the youngest group (10-14 years), non-communicable causes like accidents, trauma, self-harm, and violence become more prevalent in older adolescents and young adults (20-24 years).
Mental health issues are a major concern, with half of all adult mental disorders beginning by age 18, yet most cases remain undetected and untreated. Harmful substance use, particularly alcohol and cannabis, is prevalent among youth and increases the risk of addiction and other adult life problems. Tobacco use often starts in adolescence; in 2018, an estimated one in ten adolescents aged 13-15 used tobacco.
Road traffic injuries were a leading cause of death, claiming over 100,000 adolescent lives in 2021, many of whom were vulnerable road users like pedestrians or cyclists. Drowning was another significant factor, with over 40,000 adolescent deaths in 2021, predominantly among males. Interpersonal violence is a major global cause of mortality for young people and increases the risk of various health problems, including mental health disorders, sexually transmitted infections, and susceptibility to violence.
The WHO emphasizes the need for targeted health services and prevention strategies for young people. Early identification and treatment of mental health conditions, alongside efforts to reduce substance and tobacco use, are crucial. Effective prevention and timely intervention can significantly improve the health and well-being of young people, reducing mortality and long-term morbidity.