Fraunhofer develops heat pump using propane

Researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute, in collaboration with European partners, have developed a new heat pump that uses more environmentally friendly propane instead of synthetic refrigerants. This development aims to enhance the efficiency of heat pumps while reducing their environmental impact.

Traditionally, heat pumps often employ synthetic refrigerants containing fluorinated greenhouse gases (F-gases), which are harmful to the climate. The European Commission has already mandated a phasedown of these gases. Propane offers a natural and efficient alternative, but its flammability has presented design challenges for heat pumps.

The research specifically focused on minimizing the amount of refrigerant to reduce safety risks. A new, compact, and brazed lamellar heat exchanger has been developed for this purpose. This design can efficiently utilize even smaller quantities of propane.

A bionic distributor, mimicking the branching structure of a tree, has also been created for the new heat pump. This ensures an even distribution of propane throughout the system's channels. Researchers have also incorporated a specialized compressor where potential ignition sources have been encapsulated to minimize explosion risks.

Heat pumps play a crucial role in the energy transition by enabling the efficient use of renewable energy sources for heat generation. Fraunhofer's development work aims to make heat pump technology even more environmentally friendly and energy-efficient.