OSHA Prepares First National Rules for Workplace Heat Exposure

The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is advancing the creation of its first set of national rules aimed at protecting workers from the dangers of extreme heat. The regulations, which are expected to be finalized and implemented by 2027, will establish federal standards for heat exposure in both indoor and outdoor work settings.

Recent data highlights the growing threat of heat-related workplace incidents. In 2023, approximately 2,300 deaths were linked to heat exposure, according to the latest official figures. This number has shown a steady increase over the past two decades. Additionally, a 2025 study by George Washington University estimated that hot weather contributes to around 28,000 workplace injuries annually, though the study cautions that the actual number may be underestimated due to reporting practices.

Climate projections indicate a worsening trend. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) warns that heat-related fatalities could rise significantly in certain regions by mid-century, projecting increases of 47–95 percent in New York by 2050 and a 2- to 7-fold increase in California by 2090. These localized projections suggest a broader national concern.

OSHA had previously issued interim guidance for employers in 2024 while permanent rules were developed. However, the rulemaking process has faced delays due to shifting political priorities and the absence of a federal standard. Currently, heat safety regulations vary by state, with seven states having their own protocols and 17 others preparing similar legislation. The forthcoming federal rules aim to provide a consistent national framework.