Spike Protein Accumulation in Brain Linked to Long COVID

New research from Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU) and Helmholtz Munich indicates that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein can remain in the brain up to four years after infection. This persistent presence may explain the neurological symptoms associated with Long COVID.

The study found that the spike protein accumulates in the brain's protective layers, the meninges, and the skull's bone marrow. Its long-term presence could trigger chronic inflammation and increase the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Professor Ali Ertürk, who led the research, stated that the persistent spike protein represents a new therapeutic target.

The study utilized a novel AI-powered imaging technique that allowed for the visualization of spike protein accumulation in tissue samples. Findings showed the spike protein binds to ACE2 receptors, which are abundant in the meninges and skull bone marrow.

Encouragingly, mRNA COVID-19 vaccines were found to significantly reduce spike protein accumulation in the brain. Vaccinated mice in the study showed lower spike protein levels compared to unvaccinated counterparts. However, Ertürk noted that vaccination does not entirely eliminate the risk, and additional therapies may be needed to manage long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infections.