Tooth decay: symptoms and treatment

Tooth decay is a bacterial disease primarily caused by inadequate oral hygiene and an improper diet, particularly high sugar consumption. These factors create a favorable environment for cavity-causing bacteria, such as Streptococcus mutans.

The bacteria produce acids that erode tooth enamel and initiate the decay process. Saliva helps to neutralize acids and promote enamel remineralization, but frequent consumption of carbohydrates, especially sugar, hinders this natural repair mechanism. This leads to minerals being leached from the enamel, causing it to weaken.

Initial signs of tooth decay often appear as white or brown spots on the tooth enamel resulting from damage. At this early stage, the condition is typically painless. If left untreated, it progresses to form cavities that can deepen and penetrate the tooth's inner layers.

When decay reaches the tooth's nerve, it can lead to significant pain and increased sensitivity. Untreated decay can result in a tooth abscess and other serious infections. Regular dental check-ups and good oral hygiene are crucial for preventing and treating tooth decay.