WHO Issues Guidelines for Oxford/AstraZeneca COVID-19 Vaccine

The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued interim recommendations for the Oxford/AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine (AZD1222). The guidelines focus on the vaccine's deployment and use amid the global pandemic, prioritizing high-risk individuals due to supply constraints.

WHO's Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization (SAGE) recommends prioritizing healthcare workers and individuals aged 65 and over. These groups are considered at the highest risk of exposure or severe illness. Other recommended groups include individuals with underlying medical conditions such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and diabetes, which increase the risk of severe COVID-19.

While further research is needed for immunocompromised individuals or those with autoimmune diseases, vaccination may be considered for these groups after thorough consultation. Individuals who have previously contracted COVID-19 can also receive the vaccine, though they may be advised to defer vaccination for approximately six months post-infection to allow others with more urgent needs access.

The vaccine is not recommended for individuals under 18 years of age pending further study results. Pregnant women who belong to at-risk groups may also be vaccinated following medical advice. WHO does not recommend discontinuing breastfeeding after vaccination.

Individuals with a history of severe allergic reactions to any vaccine component should avoid this vaccine. The vaccine's efficacy has been noted at 63.09% for preventing symptomatic infections, with a longer interval of 8 to 12 weeks between doses linked to higher effectiveness. WHO has granted the vaccine an Emergency Use Listing and is continually assessing its performance against emerging virus variants.